Ovarian volumes measured by US: bigger than we think

Article Abstract:

Normal standards for ovarian volume are needed if disease is to be defined by a deviation from this norm. Traditionally, normal ovarian volume has been considered to be 6 cubic centimeters. This value has recently come under attack as being inaccurate. To obtain normal standards, ultrasound examinations of 762 women measured ovarian volume. A number of factors that might affect ovarian volume were also considered, including menstrual status, pregnancy history and physical characteristics. Results showed that the major factor affecting ovarian volume was menstrual status. Three status groups were identified: premenarchal (have not started to menstruate), menstruating, and postmenopausal (stopped menstruating). The average volume for each group, in cubic centimeters, was 3.0, 9.8, and 5.8, respectively. Age and pregnancy status were also found to be significantly related to ovarian volume; pregnant women had larger volumes. It was observed that ovarian volume increased with age until the third decade and then began to decrease. These results suggest that ovarian volume in normal, menstruating women is higher than the traditionally accepted value. The value found in postmenopausal women was also higher than that previously accepted. Data on premenarchal women is not conclusive, since the group studied was much older than the average premenarchal population. The weight and height of the subjects was not related to ovarian volume. In general, ovarian volume is larger than previously thought and covers a broader range of values. Further studies of ovarian volume in patients with associated diseases will help to determine if this measurement may be of diagnostic value. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Ultrasound imaging, Measurement, Ovaries, Reproductive organs, Female, Female genitalia

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Britain's private pensions disaster

Article Abstract:

A scandal involving false claims in selling has been a blemish on the face of the British pensions industry. In the 1980s Conservatives made changes in the personal pensions legislation of the country and, as in Australia, many employees went into employer-sponsored occupational arrangements with guaranteed benefits. Others were allowed personal pension plans by the government, and many opted out of company plans. Of those people, many ended up with much less than needed and in plans lacking certain good features of company plans.

United Kingdom, Finance, Pensions

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Out of control

Article Abstract:

Men and women frequently argue over the use of the television remote control box. Generally, men like to flip through the channels more than women do. Four reasons for this action are given, along with advice on how to prevent arguments.

Social aspects, Marriage, Remote control

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