Periodontal diseases: pathogenesis and microbial factors

Article Abstract:

Bacteria in the mouth are primarily responsible for gingivitis and periodontal disease. Oral pathogenic bacteria alter local immune system activity in oral tissues and contribute to tissue damage. The surface tissues, saliva flow around the gums, and immune functions help protect the gingiva from damage. Smoking reduces local immune activity, increasing the risk of periodontal disease. Diabetes compromises tissue healing, and also increases the risk of gum disease. Periodontal vaccines may be useful in reducing gum disease by increasing the immune response against pathogens.

Physiological aspects, Mouth, Oral microbiology

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Periodontal implications: medically compromised patients, older adults and anxiety

Article Abstract:

Sick, elderly, and anxious patients require special care during periodontal procedures. Sick and elderly patients may take medications that increase bleeding, cause gingival overgrowth, or dry the mouth. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy has been recommended to prevent heart infections in patients with arrhythmias, but little evidence exists to support its routine use. Elderly patients may have limited functional abilities which compromise oral hygiene, so professional management may be required. Anxious patients might benefit from anxiety-relieving or sedating medication.

Care and treatment, Aged, Elderly, Complications and side effects, Drug therapy, Anxiety, Nursing home patients, Chronically ill

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Periodontal regeneration around natural teeth

Article Abstract:

Periodontal regeneration is the therapeutic goal of surgical treatments for advanced gum and oral bony-tissue disease. Gum tissue may regrow, reestablishing its attachment to the previously diseased root surface. Citric acid conditioning of root surfaces and the implantation of bone grafting materials and barrier membranes can produce regeneration and reduce periodontal pocket depth. Smoking and poor oral hygiene compromise the success of periodontal restoration procedures.

Health aspects, Surgery, Periodontal pockets, Bone-grafting, Bone transplantation

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