Pharmacokinetics of simultaneously administered zidovudine and didanosine in HIV-seropositive male patients

Article Abstract:

Zidovudine and didanosine do not appear to significantly effect the action of one another when they are administered in combination HIV therapy. However, didanosine may increase the production of the zidovudine by-product GZDV. Researchers analyzed the blood and urine of six HIV-infected patients after each had taken a three day course of zidovudine alone, didanosine alone, and both drugs together. In the isolated and combined treatments, zidovudine was administered at 200 milligrams/8 hours and didanosine at 200 mg/12 hrs. The researchers measured pharmacologic indicators including rate of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination from the body. Both drugs, whether administered together or alone, were quickly absorbed and eliminated. Zidovudine did not affect the pharmacologic indicators for didanosine. Didanosine did not affect zidovudine levels in the blood, but did affect levels of GZDV in urine.

HIV infection, HIV infections

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Genotypic evolution of HIV-1 isolates from patients after a switch of therapy from zidovudine to didanosine

Article Abstract:

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) apparently is able to mutate in multiple ways in response to the antiviral drugs zidovudine (AZT) and didanosine (ddI). Researchers studied the genetic makeup of HIV isolates from 11 patients who switched from AZT to ddI because of increasing resistance to AZT. Mutations in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene associated with AZT resistance were noted to disappear during ddI therapy, from 24 to 72 weeks. The disappearance of these mutations was slower in patients who had received prolonged AZT therapy than in those who had been treated for a shorter period of time. Switching to ddI, however, did not prove beneficial in most cases. Nine patients progressed to AIDS-related complex or AIDS during ddI therapy. Combination drug therapy may be more effective than single-drug therapy with regard to changing patterns of drug resistance.

Genetic aspects, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Microbial drug resistance

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Foscarnet decreases HIV-1 plasma load

Article Abstract:

The use of foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate) may decrease the HIV-1 plasma load in patients as well as the cytomegalivirus (CMV) levels for which it is generally used. A group of 17 AIDS patients who were co-infected with CMV, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, Kaposi's sarcoma or a combination of these were treated with foscarnet. All patients had a reduction in their HIV-1 viral load, whether or not a CMV disease was present.

Measurement, Testing, Cytomegalovirus infections, Viremia, Viral load, Foscarnet

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