Hormone replacement therapy reduces the reactivity of monocytes and platelets in whole blood - a beneficial effect on atherogenesis and thrombus formation?

Article Abstract:

Female hormones appear to reduce the reactivity of monocytes and platelets. These cells are components of the immune system that may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Researchers took blood samples from 32 women who were starting hormone replacement treatment before the treatment and at three and 12 months after. They stimulated the blood with lipopolysaccharide to activate monocytes and platelets. Twelve months of hormone replacement reduced tissue factor activity in unstimulated monocytes by 73% When the blood was stimulated, hormone replacement reduced tissue factor activity by 56%, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels by 30% and thromboxane B2 levels 35%. TNF-alpha is produced by monocytes and activates other types of inflammatory cells. Thromboxane B2 is produced by activated platelets. Reduced activity of these cells could protect women from cardiovascular disease.

Estrogen, Estrogens, Blood platelets

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Endotoxin-induced cytokine production of monocytes of third-trimester pregnant women compared with women in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle

Article Abstract:

White blood cells called monocytes produce less interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor alpha during pregnancy, according to a study of 32 women. These substances are usually produced during an infection. This conclusion supports the idea that pregnancy is a pro-inflammatory condition.

Pregnancy, Tumor necrosis factor, Interleukin-12, Tumour necrosis factor

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