Restraint and sudden death from asphyxia

Article Abstract:

There have been a number of highly publicized incidents in the UK in which patients in acute psychiatry or prisoners in custody have died from asphyxia following a violent struggle and subsequent restraint. Face-down restraint in the prone position has been connected with positional asphyxia, and even seated restraint positions could bring risks. Staff working in environments where restraint may prove necessary should be made aware of the contributory factors that could influence restraint asphyxia. Assessment protocols must highlight any contra-indications for specific techniques with particular patients.

Asphyxia

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De-escalation in the management of aggression and violence

Article Abstract:

The ability to defuse a potentially violent situation is a skill which can be acquired. Problems arise if there is something which triggers the violence, if there is a target, a weapon and the patient is aroused. One of these factors should be removed to minimize the risk. Inappropriate body language, such as standing too close, touching or looking directly at the patient can incite a violent incident. Nurses also need to be conscious of cultural differences.

Management, Practice, Nurses, Aggressiveness (Psychology), Violence in hospitals, Hospital violence

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Dealing with a hostage situation

Article Abstract:

It is rare for nurses or social workers to become involved in a hostage situation, but all health service employees should know how to act if such a situation does occur. Initially, efforts should be made to stabilise the situation, then a means of communication can be established and negotiations can be made. The hostage should be careful not to be aggressive or threatening, and should try to find some common ground with the hostage-taker.

Methods, Hostage negotiations

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