Deaths from chronic liver disease - United States, 1986

Article Abstract:

During 1986, 26,151 people died of chronic liver disease and cirrhosis in the United States, and chronic liver disease was considered a contributing factor in another 13,475 deaths. Alcohol was implicated in 42 percent of deaths caused by chronic liver disease. Half the deaths occurred in individuals under the age of 60. Mortality was 2.3 times greater in men than women, and 1.7 times greater in blacks than in whites. The five states with the most deaths from chronic liver disease were, in descending order, the District of Columbia, Nevada, New Mexico, California and New York. Risk factors for cirrhosis include alcohol consumption, genetic factors and environmental influences. Chronic liver disease has been associated with hepatitis infection, exposure to harmful chemicals at work, and drug toxicity. Consumption of at least two drinks per day, on average, is considered heavy drinking. It appears from national statistics that at least 46 percent of deaths from cirrhosis in men and 15 percent of deaths from cirrhosis in women, are due to heavy drinking. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Patient outcomes, Mortality, Complications and side effects, Liver diseases, Alcoholism, Liver cirrhosis, Alcoholic myopathy

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Does this infant have pneumonia?

Article Abstract:

Diagnosis of pneumonia in an infant may best be accomplished with astute clinical observation and examination. Researchers reviewed medical journal articles on pneumonia in children to determine the diagnostic techniques and tests most useful in accurate diagnosis. Pneumonia is more likely when the physical signs of rapid breathing, labored breathing, and abnormal chest sounds are present. The chest x-ray, a key diagnostic test in pneumonia, is unlikely to be abnormal when the clinical signs of pneumonia are not observed. Multiple clinical signs increase the likelihood of pneumonia.

Usage, Diagnosis, Medical examination, Infants, Pneumonia in children, Childhood pneumonia, Diagnosis, Radioscopic, Radioscopic diagnosis

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