To die or not to die: an overview of apoptosis and its role in disease

Article Abstract:

Apoptosis is the genetically-programmed death of a cell. Unlike necrosis, in which cells die from damage or injury, apoptosis is a physiologic process within the cell that rapidly leads to death. A number of signaling pathways, some specific to types of cells, modulate the process and may promote or inhibit a cell's commitment to death. Activation of the caspase cascade by signalling pathways initiates destruction of the cell. The natural balance of cell proliferation and cell death may become abnormal in some diseases, so research is focused on treatments which may alter aspects of apoptosis.

Analysis, Physiological aspects, Cell death, Cysteine proteinases

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William Osler at 150: An Overview of a Life

Article Abstract:

The life and career of Sir William Osler is discussed 150 years after his birth. He was born in Ontario, on July 12, 1849. He graduated from McGill University School of Medicine in 1872 and became an instructor in 1874. In 1884, he accepted an appointment as professor of clinical medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He was appointed the chair of the department of Medicine at the newly formed Johns Hopkins Hospital and Medical School in Baltimore in 1889. In 1905, he was offered the Regius professorship of medicine at Oxford. He died at Oxford in December, 1919 of pneumonia.

Biography, Osler, William

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