The enteric nervous system
Article Abstract:
The gastrointestinal system regulates numerous functions with a brain of its own, the neurons in the enteric nervous system. This system controls motility, exocrine and endocrine functions, immune and inflammatory responses, and microcirculation within the intestines. More than 100 million neurons are divided into two main types, each containing several of 20 neurotransmitters. Gastrointestinal disorders may disrupt functions of overall motion or secretion and result in inflammation or immune compromise. Motility disorders include achalasia, obstruction of the lower esophagus, and other forms of intestinal blockage. A number of chemicals and secretion stimulants may cause the production of excess liquids, causing diarrhea. Inflammatory bowel disease may be caused by Clostridium difficile toxin A. The toxin may stimulate increased secretion and intestinal contraction related to the actions of substance P.
Publication Name: The New England Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0028-4793
Year: 1996
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Comparison of medical and surgical therapy for complicated gastroesophageal reflux disease in veterans
Article Abstract:
Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who have anti-reflux surgery may have fewer symptoms than those who receive continuous medical treatment (life-style modifications and drug therapy) or those who receive drug therapy for symptoms only. Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a dysfunction of the esophagus that causes regurgitation of acidic juices from the stomach, producing heartburn. Out of 207 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease, 61 received continuous medical therapy, 80 received drug therapy for symptoms only, and 66 had anti-reflux surgery. Of the patients available for follow-up at one and two years, patients in all three groups experienced a decrease in symptoms, but the decrease was greater in the patients treated surgically. Endoscopic examination also showed that the patients treated surgically had less severe inflammation of the esophagus than the other patients.
Publication Name: The New England Journal of Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0028-4793
Year: 1992
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Long-term Outcome of Medical and Surgical Therapies for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Follow-up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Article Abstract:
Surgery may not be the best treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), according to a study of 160 patients. Those who had surgery still had to take drugs to control their symptoms and they were just as likely to develop esophageal cancer as those who only took drugs.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2001
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