Transplantation immunology

Article Abstract:

All cells have antigens (proteins) on their surface that are coded for by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes. The success of an organ transplant depends on how well the donor's antigens match the recipient's antigens. There are several types of rejection reactions. Hyperacute rejection can occur within minutes, and is caused by antibody production to the donor's antigens. Acute rejection occurs within a week or two and is caused by a T cell attack against the graft. Chronic rejection may not occur for months and is a result of chronic inflammation around the graft caused by T cells and antibodies. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) usually occurs after a bone marrow transplant, when immune cells in the marrow attack the recipient's tissues. Tissue typing can determine the compatibility between donor and recipient. Transplant rejection is minimized when compatibility is greatest. Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine and FK506 have improved the success of organ transplants.

Usage, Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc., Organ transplantation, Tissue transplantation, Transplantation, Immunosuppressive agents

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Transplantation immunology

Article Abstract:

Graft rejection following organ transplantation is a pathologic alteration of normal biologic responses to tissue injury. Hyperacute rejection immediately after transplantation is rare since intensive screening of donor-recipient compatibility has become common. Acute rejection is caused by recipient white blood cells invading graft tissue, and can occur in the first year after transplant. Immunosuppressive drugs suppress this process. Chronic rejection can occur years after transplant, and is a result of blood vessel blockage caused by excessive tissue repair processes in the graft.

Analysis, Bone marrow, Bone marrow transplantation, Transplantation immunology

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Chronic graft-vs-host disease

Article Abstract:

The physiology and treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are reviewed. GVHD occurs in people who have received a bone marrow or blood stem cell transplant. Because the transplanted cells usually come from another person, they can attack the patient's body. This is what causes GVHD.

Care and treatment, Risk factors

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