Part-time employment in Europe and Japan

Article Abstract:

ABSTRACT: As in the US, a disproportionate number of part-time employees are women in Europe and Japan. The age distribution of part-time employees indicates that women with children, students, and older employees nearing retirement often work part time. The share of employment that is part-time has increased substantially in many European countries and in Japan in recent years. Explanations for this growth include an increase in female labor force participation and, in Europe, a sectoral employment shift from industry where the share of employment that is part time is relatively low, to services, where the share of employment that is part time is relatively high. Another explanation is that businesses have attempted to lower labor costs by hiring more part-time employees. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher)

Europe, Japan, Administration of General Economic Programs, Jobs & Employment, International aspects, Demographic aspects, Abstract, Part-time employment, Part time employment, Workers

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Employment growth in the temporary help supply industry

Article Abstract:

During the 1980s, a significant increase occurred in the employment of temporary workers - employees hired for a specific task and for a limited duration - because of changing economic conditions that raised both the demand for and supply of temporary workers. Using time-series data, we investigate the factors that influenced temporary employment growth by analyzing the expansion in the temporary help supply (THS) industry. On the demand side, increasing aggregate output and heightened foreign competition were the most important factors that encouraged firms to hire temporary workers. On the supply side, increasing participation of certain demographic groups, notably married women, shifted the supply curve of temporary workers outward. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Contract labor

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How temporary is temporary employment in Spain?

Article Abstract:

I use a multinomial logit model and the Spanish Active Population Survey (EPA) for the period 1987-1996 to study labor force transitions of temporary workers. These workers hold fixed-term employment contracts, which Spanish labor law distinguishes from indefinite contracts. Since the EPA questionnaire allows the identification of workers with either type of contract, I use matched EPA files to analyze transitions from temporary to permanent employment and explore the extent to which workers holding fixed-term employment contracts tend to be trapped in temporary employment relationships. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Spain, Employee promotions

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