U.S. firms and black labor in South Africa: creating a structure for change

Article Abstract:

Critics of U.S. investment in South Africa argue that the resulting material and moral support of the South African government is not outweighed by employment opportunities created for blacks. This argument, however, underestimates the positive influence U.S. firms have on South African management and politics. As a result, in part, of the voluntary code of conduct for U.S. companies operating in South Africa, the Sullivan Principles, in the late 1970s legislation was introduced that officially sanctioned blacks' role within South African economic institutions. The resulting development and growth of black trade unions, their ideologies, and managerial and political reactions are discussed. The evolution of industrial relations may eventually result in the spread of organized democratic experiences to other spheres of activity; U.S. companies may be able to encourage positive political and social change through their activities in South Africa.

United States, International aspects, South Africa, Political aspects, Corporations, Race relations, Labor unions

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Cost of living and labor force participation: married women in urban labor markets

Article Abstract:

I present and test the hypothesis that the cost of living (COL) positively influences the labor force participation (LFP) of married women. Based on housing values and regional variables, I first predict COL for a sample of 150 metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) using a smaller subsample for which geographically comparable family budget data are available for 1980. Results from estimating a logistic LFP model using census MSA data confirm my hypothesis and suggest that COL embodies locality-specific amenities rather than "pure" prices. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Female Labor Force, Research, Employment, Labor market, Cities and towns, Labor supply, Labor force, Cost and standard of living, Cost of living, Married women

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