The effect of civil war on education, 1980-97

Article Abstract:

The study examines the negative effects of civil wars and post-civil war environment on educational expenditures and enrollment. Results indicate strong support for the notion that civil war is devastating for a system of education as both expenditures and enrollment decline during the periods of civil wars as no support was found for the reallocation of education funds towards military spending during a civil war.

National Security, Defense Administration & Finance, Education, Defense spending, Defence spending, Educational finance

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Transnational dimensions of civil war

Article Abstract:

The article challenges the 'closed polity' approach to the study of civil war, where individual states are treated as independent entities, and posits that transnational factors and linkages between states can exert strong influences on the risk of violent civil conflict. Results suggest that transnational linkages between states and regional factors strongly influence the risk of civil conflict.

International aspects, Violence, School environment, Educational environment

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Effects of civil wars on international trade, 1950-92

Article Abstract:

The consequences of civil wars on dyadic trade are investigated. The results indicate that civil wars that are considered as monadic phenomena do impact dyadic trade.

International trade, United States foreign relations

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