Hollywood's last hurrah? "Television without frontiers" directive may close borders to the European Community's broadcast market

Article Abstract:

European Community non-members, especially the US, charge that the EC's television satellite harmonization laws, known as the Television without Frontiers directive, violates free trade agreements and denies freedom of speech and access to information. This is because, though the EC policy frees transmission restrictions between Member states, it places limits on the number of non-Member programs that can be shown. Non-members hope the reformed language in the directive may provide an exemption from an otherwise discriminatory policy.

Laws, regulations and rules, International aspects, Direct broadcast satellite television, Satellite television, Television broadcasting policy, Freedom of information (International law)

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Borders (en)gendered: normativities, Latinas, and a LatCrit paradigm

Article Abstract:

A new paradigm for LatCrit theory is based on the multidimensional identities experienced by Latinas/os, who regularly negotiate borders of race, ethnicity, culture, language, gender and nationality. Latina/o experience suggests a construct that treats identities and rights as indivisible, inviolable and interdependent. A nonessentialist and inclusive theoretical approach is developed by exploring and deconstructing non-Latina/o white normativity in relation to Latinas/os, as well as Latino normativity in relation to Latinas.

Social aspects, United States, Sex role, Sex roles, Hispanic Americans, Critical legal studies

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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the post-Cold War era

Article Abstract:

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development may be a vehicle for spreading sustainable development and political and economic liberty in post-Cold War Europe. The Bank's political conditionality helps to support EU democratic goals and membership requirements. This multilateral Bank, while constrained when compared to similar institutions in its ability to make loans, is able to provide an important access to capital for its members.

Europe, Political aspects, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

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