Negotiated rulemaking and combined sewer overflows (CSOs): consensus saves ossification?

Article Abstract:

Negotiated rulemaking by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was an effective way of addressing the environmental impact of combined sewer overflows, in spite of their continued occurrence. The EPA became, became, as a result of its consistent success and committed involvement in reg-neg since 1983, a pilot reg-neg agency. Negotiated rulemaking may have found a place in the agency because environmental problems can rarely have simplistic solutions. The technical and financial problems of combined sewer overflows are an example of the EPA's complex problems.

Evaluation, Administrative procedure, Combined sewers, Combined sewer overflows

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Playing reindeer games: Native Alaskans and the federal trust doctrine

Article Abstract:

The author discusses a 1997 9th Circuit Court of Appeals ruling that the Reindeer Industry Act of 1937 does not exclude non-Alaskan natives from owning and selling reindeer. The impact of the decision on the Native Alaskan culture of the Seward Peninsula is analyzed.

Native Americans, Native North Americans, Reindeer, Seward Peninsula

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Economic infeasibility and EPA's 1994 combined sewer overflow policy: a successful solution in Massachusetts still leaves a turbid understanding between state and federal officials

Article Abstract:

The author discusses the controversy over the cost-effectiveness of state and federal efforts to solve the problem of Boston's combined sewer outflows, which introduce raw sewage into water resources during storms and snow runoffs.

Massachusetts, Sewer systems, Environmental aspects, Sewage, Environmental protection

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