Rules of origin under the Caribbean Basin Initiative and the ACP-EEC Lome IV Convention and their compatibility with the GATT Uruguay round agreement on rules of origin

Article Abstract:

The Caribbean Basin Recovery Act of 1983 (CBERA) and Lome IV Convention, despite their shared goal of increasing imports, use different rules of origin in determining the nation of origin of traded goods. CBERA's rule of substantial transformation is applicable to all imported goods. Lome IV uses the general rule of origin based on change in tariff classification, applying it to specific products. GATT negotiators attempted to harmonize differing rules of origin during the Uruguay Round.

United States, Europe, Central America, Rules of origin (International trade), Rules of origin, Caribbean Area

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Nitrates from agriculture in Europe: the EC nitrates directive and its implementation in England

Article Abstract:

The author examines the effectiveness of the European Community's regulation of nitrogen pollution of surface water and ground water, beginning in 1991. The implementation of the EC's Nitrates directive in the UK is analyzed.

United Kingdom, European Union, England, Interpretation and construction, Water, Nitrogen (Chemical element), Water chemistry, Nitrates, Agricultural law

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