The political economy of a bilateral investment treaty

Article Abstract:

Bilateral investment treaties (BIT) do not completely represent the liberal economic policies they purport to represent. The purported philosophy underlying BITs is that by opening international markets, treaties will provide greater global prosperity. Many BITs, however, merely reflect national interests that happen to coincide. BITs should be restructured to be examples of genuine economic liberalism. They should, for example, remove tax exceptions that are not treaty-defined double taxations and they should permit investments of parties and companies across national boundaries.

Foreign investments, Economic policy, Political aspects, Commercial treaties, Trade agreements

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The legal mandate of multilateral development banks as agents for change toward sustainable development

Article Abstract:

Multilateral development banks (MDBs) have a legal responsibility to promote sustainable development in countries in which they invest. Protecting the environment is not only in the economic and political interest of MDBs, it is also required by the international law to which MDBs subscribe. This international imperative can be seen as early as 1972 in the Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment and also in the 1997 UN General Assembly's review of the UN Conference on Environment and Development.

Economic aspects, Environmental policy, Sustainable development, Development banks

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International relations theory, international law, and the regime governing atrocities in internal conflicts

Article Abstract:

Issues concerning the 'international relations theory' of international law are presented. Issues include aspects of the major schools of international relations theory and application of the theory to international law governing peacetime atrocities in internal conflicts.

Laws, regulations and rules, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, International law, Atrocities

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