U.S. taxation of international athletes: a reexamination of the Artiste and Athlete Article in tax treaties

Article Abstract:

International sporting events held in the US, such as the 1996 Summer Olympics or the 1994 World Cup, raise issues concerning the taxation of income received by nonresident athletes. Tax treatment is usually governed by the Artiste and Athlete Article, which is a part of most bilateral tax treaties, but it would be more effective as a multilateral agreement. The article also has some flaws that should be addressed. A consistent, uniform system should be established for taxation of foreign athletes, with elimination of the threshold exemption amount, fewer returns to be filed, better information sharing between nations, and specified withholding rate.

United States, Interpretation and construction, Taxation, Tax treaties, Sports, Olympic athletes, Non-resident aliens, Nonresident aliens, international

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Basle Committee minimum standards: international regulatory response to the failure of BCCI

Article Abstract:

The new minimum standards adopted by the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision in response to the failure of the Bank of Credit and Commerce International do not significantly improve international banking regulation. The main feature of the new minimum standards is the placement of international banks under consolidated supervision by regulators in their home country. However, the standards face difficulties in implementation and contain gaps which could enable banks to avoid regulation. Responses of the European Community, the US and the UK are also examined.

Standards, Laws, regulations and rules, International banking, Bank failures, Bank of Credit and Commerce International S.A., Bank for International Settlements. Committee on Banking Regulations and Supervisory Practices

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Game theory, signalling, and international legal relations

Article Abstract:

Inconsistency in US foreign relations is justified, as shown by game theory. Extenuating circumstances for inconsistency are dealt with in game theory by inverted signalling, which uses three aspects. These aspects are competitiveness, incomplete knowledge and indefinite duration. International situations which may seem identical can vary by inverted signalling, so inconsistent responses within specific contexts are justified.

Models, International relations, Game theory

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