Citation frequency and the value of patented inventions

Article Abstract:

Private economic value estimates of 964 inventions in the US and Germany were derived in a survey. The study include German patents whose renewal fees were paid until their full-term expiration in 1995. A search of succeeding patents from the two countries yielded citations attributed to the previous patents. Patents that were renewed to full term were more often cited compared to patents that were permitted to expire. There is a direct correlation between the invention's economic value and the number of times it is cited.

Licenses, Patents & Trademarks, Germany, Inventions, Intellectual property, Patents

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Discrimination, competition, and loan performance in FHA mortgage lending

Article Abstract:

An approach was developed to assess the existence of prejudicial or noneconomic discrimination in mortgage lending. The approach aims to eliminate omitted-variable bias that has affected the evaluation of almost all of the past studies involving lending discrimination. It includes utilization of market concentration measure to replace market competition level. Elimination of bias has resulted to failure to invalidate the null hypothesis regarding no noneconomic discrimination in mortgage lending.

Commercial Banks, Mortgage and Nonmortgage Loan Brokers, Consumer Mortgage Loans, Administration of Housing Programs, Mortgage Financing & Insurance, Social aspects, Research, Services, Mortgages, Mortgage discrimination, United States. Federal Housing Administration

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R&D reactions to high-technology import competition

Article Abstract:

Data from 308 corporations in the US covering the period 1971-87 are used to analyze R&D spending responses to changes in high-technology imports. While changes in R&D/sales ratios are shown to be unsystematic, it is determined that the short-run reaction to higher imports is manifested in reduced R&D/sales ratio. Companies also indicated varying reaction to imports.

Evaluation, International aspects, Industrial research, High technology

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