Localization of industry and vertical disintegration

Article Abstract:

The association between industry localization and vertical disintegration in America's manufacturing sector has been studied using census data on purchased inputs of manufacturing firms. Vertical disintegration is the tendency of firms to obtain inputs from specialized outside suppliers instead of producing the inputs within an integrated plant. Results indicate a positive correlation between vertical disintegration and localization that support the notion that the former is caused by an exogenous increase in the scale of industry.

MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, Manufacturing NEC, All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing, Miscellaneous Manufactures, Manufacturing Misc, Research, Manufacturing industry, Manufacturing industries, Horizontal integration, Industrial concentration

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Scientific instrumentation and university research

Article Abstract:

The role of university research in the development of scientific instruments is highlighted through several examples. Regarded as the capital goods of the scientific research industry, scientific instruments are first developed to meet certain, narrowly defined needs of university research. But their applications become more generic as their adaptability to other fields or uses is established. The computer and the nuclear magnetic resonance are cited as prime examples.

Analysis, Product development, Research institutes, Scientific equipment, Scientific equipment and supplies

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I would walk 500 miles

Article Abstract:

CPA Vern Neumann's pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela in Spain is described. The remains of St. James, the apostle are believed to be located in this place. The trials and tribulations that the 55 year old encountered on way to his destination in Spain are discussed.

Spain, Personal narratives, Description and travel, Accountants, Travel, Santiago de Compostela, Spain, Certified public accountants, Neumann, Vern

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