Tax sheltered investments after TRA 1986

Article Abstract:

The Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA 86) curtails the abuse of tax shelters. Income earned after Jan 1, 1988 falls into three categories: active, passive, and portfolio. Tax shelters usually fall into the passive income category. When these incurred losses, they used to be replenished by owners' active or portfolio incomes. TRA 86 expressly forbids this. Passive income losses must be compensated for by passive income sources, or deferred to the future until they can. Owners of passive income tax shelters will have to default on annual contributions needed to sustain the shelter. Statutory bankruptcy may therefore be the only logical solution to reduce tax liability and other financial losses. Limitations on losses to passive income and bankruptcy tax provisions are discussed.

Laws, regulations and rules, Bankruptcy law, Tax shelters

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Attitudes surrounding the continuation of female circumcision in the Sudan: passing the tradition to the next generation

Article Abstract:

Female circumcision is likely to continue to be a common practice in Sudan. Data from the 1989-1990 Sudan Demographic and Health Survey revealed that around 90% of women will ensure that their daughters are circumcised, and that about half of this number favour the most severe Pharaonic forms of circumcision. More traditional women are most likely to favor female circumcision. Better-educated women are less likely to favor circumcision for their daughters, and women from this group who favor the practice are more likely to opt for the milder sunna form of the practice.

Sudan, Popular culture, Female circumcision

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Look who's knocking

Article Abstract:

According to Constance Row of the American Academy of Home Care Physicians, patients are becoming increasingly interested in house calls. The Academy's Web site now lists the first national online listing of doctors who are prepared to make house calls.

Services, Physicians, Medical professions, Public opinion, House calls (Medicine), American Academy of Home Care Physicians

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