Signal transduction from the extracellular matrix: the integrin-tyrosine kinase connection

Article Abstract:

Signal transduction between the extracellular matrix and cell interior are mediated by large insoluble proteins called integrins. A proposed mechanism for transduction is that integrins transmit signals through the cytoskeleton. An alternative mechanism is that integrins are true receptors capable of producing biochemical signals that affect intracellular processes. It appears that both mechanisms are interrelated such that integrin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation may be acting on cytoskeletal proteins and in turn, the cytoskeletal elements may be needed for tyrosine phosphorylation.

Protein tyrosine kinase, Protein-tyrosine kinase

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Structure and regulation of phospholipase D

Article Abstract:

Phospholipases D (PLDs) catalyse the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) to phosphatidic acid and choline. The PLD action has been shown to play a role in cellular signalling processes. In PLD research in plants, the enzyme's catabolism of phospholipids accompanies development, while it forms an integral part of the cell division signal mechanism in yeast. In humans, signal transduction activities by PLD can be activated by the ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) and Rho G proteins or by fatty acids.

Enzymes, Phospholipases

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Sparks of interest in cardiac excitation-contraction coupling

Article Abstract:

Ca(super 2+) sparks are found to occur spontaneously or induced by the activation of L-type Ca(super 2+) channels. When caused by the latter, the sparks produced are local and microscopic manifestations of the Ca(super 2+)-induced Ca(super 2+) release mechanism that supports cardiac excitation-contraction coupling. Signal transduction is better understood with the discovery.

Heart, Heart contraction, Heart muscle, Myocardium

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