Is ethical research feasible in developed and developing countries?

Article Abstract:

The ethics of research in less-developed countries into perinatal transmission of HIV has been discussed by David B. Resnik. Trials in developing countries to test methods applicable mainly for developed countries are unethical. An important question would pertain to whether medical research in general can be ethical in a less-developed or more-advanced country. Even in research in developed nations, some accepted principles of such research are not followed. In the US, nothing ensures that a drug that is found effective is then included in the AIDS Drug Assistance Program.

Research, International aspects, Clinical trials, Medical research, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections, AIDS (Disease) in children, Pediatric AIDS (Disease)

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Female genital mutilation and cosmetic surgery: regulating non-therapeutic body modification

Article Abstract:

Several arguments have been advanced in support of the ban on female genital mutilation, or circumcision, in the United Kingdom. The ban applies not only to children, but to adult females. There are those who dispute the justification of banning such practices when consenting adult females are involved. On cosmetic surgery the law has a permissive stance in the UK. However, some argue that no woman would validly consent to mutilation of her genital area, that the practice is oppressive and sexist, and that it intentionally inflicts injury and causes offense.

Health aspects, United Kingdom, Laws, regulations and rules, Social policy, Surgery, Plastic, Plastic surgery, Females

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Double standards: principled or arbitrary?

Article Abstract:

Many contemporary moral theorists concern themselves with the question of whether a universal model of ethical reasoning exists. In more political fields that question is of interest as well. Theoretical frameworks are challenged by the practical problems coming from the field of bioethics. Responses tend to fall into the categories of universalist and relativists. An example of a question to be considered is that of female genital mutilation, which is viewed differently from a legal standpoint in different countries and cultures.

Editorial, Politics, Ethical relativism, Ethics, Evolutionary, Evolutionary ethics, Universals (Philosophy), Universals and individuals (Philosophy)

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