Constructed normal values in EC dumping margin calculations: fiction, or a realistic approach?

Article Abstract:

European Community anti-dumping rules attempt to construct a normal value for the price of an imported product based on that product's domestic profits and manufacturing costs. However, the accuracy of this approach is questionable when applied to export industries which have no domestic counterpart. Third party comparisons are a common means of determining proper pricing for such products. However, such comparisons can be inaccurate due to factors such as evolving technology and varied costs of domestic manufacture. Focusing on profits inclines one to suspect dumping without accounting for other factors.

Analysis, Economic policy, European Union, International trade regulation

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Rules of origin as commercial policy instruments - revisited

Article Abstract:

Rules of origin laws allow the restriction of trade based on origin, regardless of other restrictions that may or may not apply. Regimes such as the US's Generalized System of Preferences are an example of rules of origin which are becoming more important with the spread of protectionist measures and regional trading blocs. The basis for rules of origin is surveyed with regard to preferential and non-preferential measures, the use of rules of origin in antidumping cases and the implications of rules of origin in the current Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations.

Excerpt, Free trade, Rules of Origin in International Trade: A Comparative Study (Book)

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The post-Uruguay Round EC anti-dumping regulation: after a pit stop, back in the race

Article Abstract:

The European Community's newly adopted Anti-Dumping Regulation 3283 94 mimics somewhat the anti-dumping laws of the Uruguay round Agreement, but is too vague in many areas. This arbitrariness could lead to unfair applications of the law. Of more concern is the burden of proof the EC Regulation places in cases of circumvention. The reliance on other producer exporter's data makes it hard for countries to know if they are in fact dumping until they get in trouble for their actions.

Interpretation and construction, European Community law, Antidumping duties, European Community

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