Greening the EU: national positions in the run-up to the Amsterdam Treaty

Article Abstract:

There is a range of positions on environmental policy among European Union (EU) members. The countries seen as more environmentally progressive are Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, and new EU members, Austria, Finland and Sweden. There are differences even within this grouping. Denmark takes an especially radical position, followed by Austria, while Sweden and Finland were more reluctant to push for change in negotiations in 1995. Germany and the Netherlands have tended to take a more cautious approach.

Western Europe

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The impact of new member states on EU environmental policy

Article Abstract:

The entry of Sweden, Finland and Austria into the EU on Jan. 1, 1995, is expected to bode well for the EU's stand on environmental issues because of the importance placed by these countries on environmental concerns. Improvements in the EU's policy-making processes are expected to influence the new members' role in formulating EU environmental policy. At an Apr. 1995 workshop at Sandbjerg Manor in Denmark, the possible impact of the new members on EU environmental policy was discussed.

Austria

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Deregulated energy markets and the environment: the Nordic experience

Article Abstract:

This article examines the environmental and energy policies of the Nordic countries after deregulation of the energy markets. The author maintains Denmark's policies are closest to the democratic planning model, Norway's policies lean towards market orientation, and Sweden and Finland adopted an industrial policy/technology orientation.

Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Energy industries, Deregulation

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