Relative Career Progress of Men and Women Graduates in NHS General Administration

Article Abstract:

There has been substantial research on women's achievement in senior levels of management and administration. There may be more chance for women in elite training schemes. The training program for women launched by the National Administrative Training Scheme (NATS) of the National Health Service (NHS) is analyzed. Data is based on a 1979 survey of men and women working for the NHS. It is hypothesized that the civil service, like the NHS, may be more open to women's advancement than commerce or industry. Tables show the proportion of women to men at junior and senior level management. There is a widespread belief that men have more career continuity to offer. Data of recruits between 1971 and 1976 who remained with the NHS in 1979 is included. In Great Britain female advancement has been greater in the Civil Service than in the NHS.

United Kingdom, Women, Training, Civil service, Professions

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Factors influencing state progress in the implementation of Public Law 99-457, Part H

Article Abstract:

A study on the implementation of Public Law 99-457, Part H, reveals that the implementation procedures of policy development, policy approval and policy application influence future law implementation. It appears that existing state interagency planning and development systems play a major role in policy implementation. However, the relevance of different factors are likely to change during implementation development. Thus, policy implementation is affected not only by the legislation's special requirements but also by available institutional structures which facilitate the execution of laws.

Interpretation and construction, Evaluation, Influence, Legislation, Legislative process, Domestic policy, Government programs, Public law

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Reforming the Bonneville Power Administration

Article Abstract:

The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the power marketing agency for the Federal Columbia River Power System, can enhance its performance and participate in the economically advantageous changes in the rest of the electric industry, if the federal government introduces reforms to make it more compatible with market incentives. The BPA's customers must be permitted to resell electricity to those who place high value on it. The BPA's market power over the transmission system can be lowered, and the system can be accessed by gradually privatising this system.

United States, Analysis, Economic aspects, Electrical equipment and supplies industry, Electric equipment industry, Economic policy, Business-to-business market, Business to business market, United States. Bonneville Power Administration

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