Three levels of human decisionmaking and the protection of fundamental rights

Article Abstract:

Decisionmaking occurs at personal, collective and constitutional levels. At the second level, government makes rules governing personal choice at the first level. Increasing community participation tends to reduce governmental intrusiveness. The third, constitutional level also seeks to restrain government intrusion. Thus the Bill of Rights represents third level constitutional rules constraining the second level of government from intruding on private choice at the first level. Third level constraints create a tension within government as it tries to regulate itself and also tend to weaken the sense of community participation in government.

Decision-making, Models, Decision making, Political aspects, Constitutional law, Political participation

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Criticisms of federal counter-terrorism laws

Article Abstract:

The recently enacted Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 threatens freedom while doing little to increase safety. Federal law-enforcement powers have expanded greatly in the past few years, with little oversight to prevent abuses. Congress should do more than hold hearings about past abuses of federal law-enforcement power that occurred at Waco and Ruby Ridge. Instead a permanent mechanism for independent oversight should be established, and the exclusionary rule should be maintained to curtail misconduct by police.

United States, Laws, regulations and rules, Powers and duties, Police, Police officers, Terrorism

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What constitutes full protection of fundamental freedoms?

Article Abstract:

The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) focuses on the defense of political and civil liberties and defines those liberties flexibly. The ACLU has resisted pressure to advocate broader economic and social rights, but recognizes possible links between economic status and civil rights. The ACLU does not limit its conception of civil rights to those contained in the Bill of Rights or other Constitutional amendments. For example, employees' rights need to be protected although those rights are not specified in the Constitution.

Political activity, American Civil Liberties Union

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