Tipping the apple cart: The limits of science and law in the SPS agreement after Japan-Apples

Article Abstract:

The World Trade Organization (WTO) upheld a US challenge against Japan's revised quarantine restrictions on imported apples in 2005 on the grounds that the restrictions had insufficient scientific evidence and were not based on a proper risk assessment. In an examination of the Japan-Apples dispute with its implications for science, law and sovereignty in the SPS Agreement, the relevant issues of the scientific justification test and the standard of review are explored.

Japan, Apples, Apple Orchards, Deciduous tree fruits, Analysis, Apple, Quarantine, Trade disputes

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The Tuna-Dolphin Wars

Article Abstract:

Powerful firms with assets specific to a domestic market make use of heterogeneous stringent regulations on market access to bar entry of outsiders. A detailed examination of one such case, the US-Mexico dispute over the fishing, importation, and sale of tuna caught with methods that kill dolphins, is presented.

Mexico, Misc. Food and Kindred Products, Commercial treaties, Trade agreements, Seafood industry

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Effects of dumping vs. anti-dumping measures: the US Trade Remedy Laws applied to wheat imports from Canada

Article Abstract:

The article examines theoretically and empirically the difference between the dumping and anti-dumping measures using US Trade Remedy law against wheat imports from Canada.

Canada, Imports, Wheat, Wheat Farming, Interpretation and construction, Dumping (International trade)

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