Trade adjustment in Eastern Europe during transition: the determined, sophisticated and proximate

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to determine country differences associated with unused trade potential in Eastern Europe. A modified gravity framework was used to analyze the speed and pattern of trade adjustments among nations and the progress of economic reform. The study also examined trade utilization rations associated with bilateral trade. Results indicated a head-start for countries supporting determined, complex and proximate transition economies. Findings also showed differences in transaction costs and supply/demand features of reform countries.

Economic aspects, International aspects, Economics, Political aspects, Commerce

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Starting over in pensions: The challenges facing central and eastern Europe

Article Abstract:

Central and eastern European countries need to rapidly restructure their public pension schemes. Initially, transition economies moved toward the unfunded scheme, but later put in place reform plans to move to funded retirement income provision. The success of such reform efforts will have an affect on developments throughout Europe, with any failures descrediting funded pension systems throughout the whole region.

Pension funds

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Measuring corruption: a critique of indicators in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Article Abstract:

The article reviews the corruption indicators in use in post-Communist transition societies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. It argues that using single source and single dimension indexes could eliminate the problems arising from the aggregation of indicators from multiple sources.

Eastern Europe, Asia, Analysis, Usage, Measurement, Corporations, Central Asia, Statistical methods, Corporate corruption, Indices (Social science research)

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