Empirical research findings

Article Abstract:

Quantitative and molecular genetic research into genetic influences on child and adolescent psychiatry indicates that there is a strong genetic liability to autism. This genetic liability goes further than the traditional diagnosis to embrace a wider range of social and communication problems in people with normal intelligence. There is also a relatively strong genetic element with regard to attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, with the susceptibility appearing to go far beyond the ICD-10 concept of hyperkinetic disorder. It seems that shared environmental influences may have a significant impact on children's first experiences of drinking alcohol and taking drugs.

Child psychiatry

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Mental retardation: genetic findings, clinical implications and research agenda

Article Abstract:

The discovery of the genetic mechanisms causing the Fragile X Syndrome and the imprinting seen in Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes are among the advances made in mental retardation research. Progress has also been made in understanding the pathogenesis of Down Syndrome and phenylketonuria. The importance of genetic defects in both mild and severe mental retardation highlights the oversimplification of these cases in the past. The identification of abnormal genes is important for genetic screening and counselling. However, new and effective means of treatment for mental retardation are lacking.

Psychological aspects, Analysis, Genetic disorders, Mental retardation, Genetic research

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The genetics of children's oral reading performance

Article Abstract:

Heritable influences are significant for the etiology of oral reading performance, while environmental influences, though significant, have a relatively small effect. The performance of twins in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development in the Slosson Oral Reading Test shows that phenotypic variability is greater in males than in females. However, the relative significance of heritable and environmental influences does not vary by sex. Almost 69% of the phenotypic variance is caused by heritable influences, while 13% is accounted for by shared environmental influences.

Twins, Genetic psychology, Evolutionary psychology, Oral reading

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