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Psychology and mental health

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Episodic memory and autonoetic consciousness: developmental evidence and a theory of childhood amnesia

Article Abstract:

The capacity to remember events as experienced develops between the ages of 3 and 6, a finding which accounts for adults' inability to recollect childhood events prior to that age. Children are unable to encode experienced events before the age of 4 or 5 years because they fail to adequately comprehend experience and the origin in perception of their own knowledge as evidenced by developmental findings. A significant correlation was found between passing see-know tests and free recall, one that continues even after the partialing out of cued recall and verbal intelligence.

Author: Ruffman, Ted, Perner, Josef
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Publication Name: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Subject: Psychology and mental health
ISSN: 0022-0965
Year: 1995
Memory in children, Children's memory, Amnesia

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Children's performance on a false-belief task is impaired by activation of an evolutionarily-canalized response system

Article Abstract:

The influence of predator-avoidance, an early developing prepotent motivational system, on false-belief tasks in children aged 3 and 4 years was examined. The experiments included predator/playmate avoidance and prey/playmate-seeking tasks and the evidence indicated that young children would perform worse on false-belief tasks that involved predator-avoidance than on tasks that involved playmate-avoidance.

Author: Keenan, Thomas, Ellis, Bruce J.
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Publication Name: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Subject: Psychology and mental health
ISSN: 0022-0965
Year: 2003
Science & research

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Does eye gaze indicate implicit knowledge of false belief? Charting transitions in knowledge

Article Abstract:

This article tests the knowledge level of three year olds through the examination of their eye gaze. The authors maintain when a child gives an incorrect answer, but gazes in the correct direction, it demonstrates the presence of unconscious knowledge.

Author: Ruffman, Ted, Garnham, Wendy, Import, Arlina, Connolly, Dan
Publisher: Elsevier B.V.
Publication Name: Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
Subject: Psychology and mental health
ISSN: 0022-0965
Year: 2001
Testing, Children, Epistemology, Knowledge, Theory of, in children

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Subjects list: Research, United States, Child psychology
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