Image and language in human reasoning: a syllogistic illustration

Article Abstract:

There are benefits from making a distinction between abstract logics and their implementations in analyzing mental processes. Semantic and computational analysis can be applied to the seemingly different external representations seen in psychological theories about the internal representations involved in syllogistic reasoning. In this way, it can be shown that the significant behavioural patterns seen when people solve syllogisms internally can be represented at a level of abstraction higher than that seen with the theories that have been put forward. The semantic structure of the syllogism permits processes of inference which give specific descriptions of single types of people.

Syllogism

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Categorization and reasoning among tree experts: do all roads lead to Rome?

Article Abstract:

Experiments on categorization and reasoning in different tree experts reveal an interesting assortment of differences and similarities. Taxonomists and maintenance workers show differences in sorting, as they weight morphological features differently. Landscape workers classify trees according to goal-derived categories on the basis of utilitarian factors. Taxonomists and maintenance workers use the same taxonomies for sorting and category-based reasoning, whereas landscape personnel have different categories for sorting than for reasoning. The genus level appears to be privileged relatively in some cases and absolutely in other cases.

Research, Identification and classification, Trees, Trees (Plants), Botany, Ethnobotany, Plant taxonomy, Categorization (Psychology)

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Infants' categorization of novel objects with more or less obvious features

Article Abstract:

Investigation is conducted on 14 to 15 month old infants' categorization of objects on the basis of more or less obvious features. The results of these studies delineate the role of animacy cues and object names in establishing categories on the basis of less obvious features.

Cognition in infants, Infant cognition, Categorization (Psychology) in children, Childhood categorization (Psychology)

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