Horney, Zen, and the real self: theoretical and historical connections

Article Abstract:

The psychoanalytic theory of Karen Horney reflects the influence of Zen Buddhism, especially in her concept of wholeheartedness. Wholeheartedness for Horney came to include a capacity for mindful detachment, being completely present and forgetting the self, ideas similar to mindfulness in Zen. The saying 'form is emptiness and emptiness is form' from the Heart Sutra can be related to Horney's concept of the real self.

Analysis, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Self, Self (Psychology), Horney, Karen

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Horney, Zen, and the real self

Article Abstract:

Psychoanalyst Karen Horney altered her theory on the real self after exposure to the concept of Zen Buddhism. The first change advocated the discovery of oneself by fully experiencing painful feelings without categorization or judgment. The second change promoted the acceptance of inconstancy and fluctuation of experience and acknowledgement of both positive and negative elements.

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