Pakistan under Benazir Bhutto

Article Abstract:

Benazir Bhutto was elected prime minister of Pakistan in 1988 and 1993. Her elevation to prime ministership in 1988 saw her in constant tension with the religious and military leadership over her anti-fundamentalist stance. Benazir's stint as opposition leader between 1990-93 was significant in mobilizing the masses against the Nawaz Sharif government. Her return to power in 1993 saw her strive for a working relationship with the opposition. However, the performance of the regime coupled with the ethnic violence in Karachi has created a crisis of legitimacy for Benazir's government.

Analysis, Performances, Legitimacy of governments, Government legitimacy, Bhutto, Benazir

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Rise of the MQM in Pakistan: politics of ethnic mobilization

Article Abstract:

Increased political activity of the Muhajir Quami Movement (MQM) in Pakistan reflects the current social situation in the country. MQM's rise to power has occurred in the midst of ethnic conflict in urban Sindh, particularly in Karachi, Pakistan. With the legitimate power it wields, MQM can peacefully negotiate with the Pakistani government to prevent the prevailing ethnic tension to turn into ethnic fragmentation.

Ethnic relations

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Development and democracy in Pakistan: tenuous or plausible nexus?

Article Abstract:

Democratization in Pakistan is being hampered by a host of factors including ethnic conflict, factional disputes among elites, praetorian rule and influences of regional and global powers. It is also unlikely that democracy will thrive in an environment characterized by poverty and economic hardship. Democracy will only be sustained in Pakistan through economic growth and the expansion of civil society.

Democracy

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