Secret societies and organized crime in contemporary China

Article Abstract:

The emergence of criminal secret societies in post-Mao China has closely correlated with criminal subcultures, massive unemployment, impoverishment, economic inequality, relative deprivation, and political corruption that have risen from the reform process. These problems account to a large extent for the double nature of many criminal organizations as both anti-social and anti-state forces.

Analysis, Criminal investigation, Criminal behavior, Criminal behaviour

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Weakening ties with the ancestral homeland in China: The case studies of contemporary Singapore and Malaysian Chinese

Article Abstract:

A contrary view is presented based on the case studies of Singapore and Malaysia that Southeast Asian Chinese are distancing themselves from the ancestral homeland in China and increasingly rooted in the countries where they reside. The way in which Singapore and Malaysian Chinese communities have developed their local identities following demographic and political changes is demonstrated.

Public affairs, Social aspects, Southeast Asians

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The foreign and native banks in China: Chop loans in Shanghai and Hankow before 1914

Article Abstract:

A brief review on the development of the Shanhsi banks in China during 1984 that claimed to amount about 42 million yuans is presented. However, many scholars have criticized the presence of foreign banks as manifestation of financial aggression of China, because these foreign banks seemed to be all-powerful in comparison with the Chinese native banks.

Commercial Banks, Services information, Banking industry, Services, Growth, Foreign banks, Company growth

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