The survival of family-operated firms under developed conditions: the case of Hassfurt, Germany

Article Abstract:

The family firm is expected to decline in importance as economic development proceeds, since it does not benefit from economies of scale needed to compete, but the case of Hassfurt, Germany, shows the family firm can survive in developed economies. Several factors in the local economy and society help foster family firms, such as the importance placed on the family in local culture and traditions, with some support from the state, and successful links with bigger firms which allow family firms to retain some independence. More comparative studies of family firms are needed if this evidence is to be used for generalizations, but, given there is some continuity with pre-industrial times, even in highly developed economies, there are lessons which can be applied to developing economies on how to encourage the success of family firms.

Economic policy, Family-owned business enterprises, Family-owned businesses

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Puppets on a string: women's wage work and empowerment among female tea plantation workers of Sri Lanka

Article Abstract:

Women tea pickers in Sri Lanka may earn higher wages, but are not able to control thier incomes due to the patriarchal nature of the society they live in. Both the production system as a whole, and the power structure within the household combine to reinforce the subordination of women. Access to employment does not in itself change power structures in Third World societies in the case of women with little education and low incomes. Two organizations which have helped women in India and Bangladesh have been women-specific, and have gone beyond concerns of income, thus helping promote change.

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The feminization of foreign currency earnings: women's labor in Sri Lanka

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to analyze women's involvement in foreign currency earning activities in Sri Lanka. The organization of women's participation patterns and their wage levels were discussed. In addition, the influence of ethnicity, age, educational levels and skills on various components of the activities were also examined. Results indicated that women supported a leading role in generating the necessary labor component in foreign currency earning activities.

Foreign Currency Management, Sri Lanka, Foreign exchange, Feminization

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