What women learned when men gave them advice: rewriting patriarchy in late-nineteenth-century Bengal

Article Abstract:

Nagendrabala Dasi's 19th century advice manual, 'Nari dharma,' reflected the attempts of women to positively influence other women into taking a proactive stance toward managing their socially ill-defined lives. Progressive Bengali women sought to empower other women by educating them of the options available to them and not to define themselves in accordance with society's mandates or simply in reference to their husbands. 'Nari dharma' proves that women need not succumb to patriarchal dictates in order to be catalysts for change.

Women, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Criticism and interpretation, Patriarchy, Bengalis, Dasi, Nagendrabala

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Refugee resettlement in forest reserves: West Bengal policy reversal and the Marichjhapi massacre

Article Abstract:

It is suggested that investigation of the Marichjhapi massacre and those responsible by the Supreme Court or International Criminal Court, could help the development of a democratization process and reconciliation among marginalised groups in India. The massacre occurred at the hands of the Communist Party Marxist front for refugees' 'unauthorised occupation of Marichjhapi which is a part of the Sundarbans Government Reserve Forest violating thereby the Forests Acts'.

Management, Massacres, Refugees

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A limited forest conservancy in Southwest Bengal, 1864-1912

Article Abstract:

Forest conservancy was first addressed in Bengal with the appointment of a Conservator of Forests in August 1864 and later the Bengal Forest Rules in 1871. At that time, Bengal imports of wood were high including 15,000 tons of Burmese teak per year, 18,000 tons of Nepalese sal, and over 18,000 tons of other woods. The history of forest conservancy and reservation in Bengal is given, including details of management.

History, Environmental aspects, Forest conservation, Bengal, Forestry law, Forest law

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