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Growth, thermogenesis, and hyperphagia

Article Abstract:

In people who maintain a stable weight, the amount of calories in the food they eat is equal to the energy they expend. Generally, one would assume that when people eat more food than normal, their weight would rise in proportion to the extent of hyperphagia (overeating). However, observations since 1881 have found that the rate of weight gain per degree of overeating decreases as the duration of hyperphagia increases. The excessive ingested calories which do not end up as weight gain apparently are dissipated as heat, and the various types of heat dissipation are referred to as facultative (noncompulsory) thermogenesis. A method of analysis of the body's energy handling is described in this article. Energy is considered to be stored in only two compartments, the fat store and the fat-free mass (FFM), which consists of the body cell mass, extracellular water, and extracellular fat-free solids. In addition, the storage and usage of energy is not static, but rather changes in response to environment, food usage, and time, and so a dynamic analysis of energy balance is used. Finally, the analysis only concerns itself with obligatory, compulsory, energy uses, including resting metabolic rate (RMR), thermic effect of food (TEF), and thermic effect of exercise (TEE). The analysis shows that for either semi-starvation or overeating, RMR is related to FFM and to a factor related to the imbalance between food intake and energy need. During overeating, most of the excess energy goes into the fat store, but with increasing duration of overeating, greater amounts are diverted to FFM. The weight gain per excess caloric intake decreases over time, as both FFM and the fat store cannot grow infinitely, but rather are ultimately limited. This means that facultative thermogenesis becomes increasingly important in taking care of excess calories as the two compartments approach their limits. Further research on long-term hyperphagia and facultative thermogenic processes, especially for periods over 42 days, is needed. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Author: Alpert, Seymour S.
Publisher: American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc.
Publication Name: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0002-9165
Year: 1990
Physiological aspects, Energy metabolism, Bioenergetics, Thermogenesis

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Nearly 90% of Americans will achieve homeownership

Article Abstract:

An analysis of the data from the American Housing Survey reveals that an American has a 90% chance of owning a home between ages 20 and 70. The current rate of home ownership is pegged between 60% and 70% with chances increasing further. Current projections based on the data analyzed reveal that 80 of people aged 58 own their homes, 1% of the 58 year olds are renting but owned their immediate past residence, 4% of the 58 year olds will purchase a home before they turn 70.

Author: Zorn, Peter M., Berkovec, James A.
Publisher: Freddie Mac
Publication Name: Secondary Mortgage Markets
Subject: Economics
ISSN: 0740-4271
Year: 1997
Homeowners, Housing, Demographic aspects, Home ownership

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Cleaning up chromium

Article Abstract:

Innovation and flexibility enabled engineers to successfully apply conventional remediation techniques for soil and ground water in remediating the United Chrome Products plant in Corvallis, Ore, nearly four years after start-up. This two-phased Superfund project overcame complex geotechnival conditions in order for the remediation effort to proceed. Conservatively pumping wells are used to maintain the necessary hydraulic gradient of the clean-up site.

Author: McKinley, W. Scott, Pratt, Randy C., McPhillips, Loren C.
Publisher: American Society of Civil Engineers
Publication Name: Civil Engineering
Subject: Science and technology
ISSN: 0885-7024
Year: 1992
Methods, Pollution, Waste management, Oregon, Chromium, Chromium (Metal), Superfund

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