Learning by discovery during innovation development

Article Abstract:

Technological innovations begin with learning by discovery and end with learning by testing. This can be gleaned from an examination of the therapeutic apheresis program, one of the first projects to develop membrane filtration technology to remove pathogenic blood components, which reveals that innovators do learn from their initial actions. Learning during highly ambiguous conditions is a process of searching for possible action alternatives, outcome preferences and contextual settings, while learning during less ambiguous conditions pertains to a process of testing which actions relate to what outcomes through trial-and-error learning.

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Learning efficiency, technological change and economic progress

Article Abstract:

The US economic recession has been preceded by a long wave of technological and economic progress which occurred during the Industrial Revolution. The driving force behind these changes was organizational innovation. However, the next long wave of technological and organizational progress would be driven by social forces. The fundamental elements of technological progress which are learning efficiency and the creation of new knowledge are suppressed in many western countries. Information technology has not been able to produce the necessary innovations to generate new wealth.

Economic development, Long waves (Economics), Kondratieff cycles

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Unlearning ineffective or obsolete technologies

Article Abstract:

People often have to unlearn current beliefs and methods when these become either ineffective or obsolete. Any event or message that brings doubt about existing beliefs and methods can function as stimulus for unlearning. Eight viewpoints on how to convert events and messages into stimuli and thus facilitate unlearning are presented. These include dissatisfaction with current beliefs and methods and events that affect expectations, both pleasant and unpleasant.

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