Unidirectional freezing of waste-activated sludges: effects of freezing speed

Article Abstract:

The effects of freezing speed on waste-activated sludge performance, including filterability, zone settling and floc density versus size relationships, are studied. No global particle migration is observed with a high freezing speed, but a pronounced improvement in sludge filterability is noted. A slight change is noted for floc density and morphology, thus effecting no change in zone settling characteristics. Global particle migration occurs with low freezing speed, thus improving sludge filterability and settleability. A gradual transition of sludge characteristics occurs between the two extremes with intermediate freezing speed.

Cryobiochemistry

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Response to comment on 'Unidirectional Freezing of Waste-Activated Sludge: The Presence of Sodium Chloride'

Article Abstract:

A validation of the comments offered by P.J. Parker and A.G. Collins were made by principal researchers C.P. Chu, W.H. Feng, Y.H. Tsai and D.J. Lee. In addition, the researchers also addressed a few improvements on the procedure they have devised. Thickening the sludge prior to its freeze treatment does not radically improve the separation process and that a denser floc may not yield to facilitated identification due to the lack of fractal dimensions of the components.

Refuse systems, Solid Waste Disposal, Waste Treatment and Disposal, Sludge, Sedimentation and deposition, Deposition (Geology)

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Comment on 'Unidirectional Freezing of Waste-Activated Sludge: the Presence of Sodium Chloride'

Article Abstract:

A clarification of terms and a few corrections on the work of C.P. Chu et. al. on the unidirectional freezing of waste-activated sludge concerns the use of the terms critical freezing speed and their use of floc identification system. A more precise term to use is the critical velocity of the freezing rate which governs the dewaterization and rejection of flocs in the freezing process.

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences, Solid Waste Control R&D, Methods, Usage, Pollution control research, Solid wastes, Freeze-drying, Freeze drying

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