An analysis of innovation strategies and industrial differentiation through patent applications: the case of plant biotechnology

Article Abstract:

A survey of patent applications by plant biotechnology research companies was carried out to determine whether patents play a role in technology differentiation. The results, which reject E.W. Kitch's theory that they act as an incentive to innovation, indicate that minimal technological differentiation among competing interests reflects a weak regime of appropriability. As such, the vertical integration of new tools into specific applications underlies the dynamics of plant biotechnology.

Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences, Plant Genetics, Analysis, Evaluation, Biotechnology industry, Biotechnology industries, Diffusion of innovations

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Passing the European Patent Office: evidence from the data-processing industry

Article Abstract:

Research was conducted to examine how the international data-processing industry has coped with the requirements imposed by the European Patent Office. The hypothesis is that firms that perform more basic research are more likely to pass the patent office than firms that focus on other areas such as development. Results indicate that diversification within the data-processing market is the most important variable that explains the success ratios in passing the patent office's requirements.

Service Industries, Research, Laws, regulations and rules, European Patent Office, Data processing services

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Patent applications and subsequent changes of performance: evidence from time-series cross-section analyses on the firm level

Article Abstract:

Research is presented concerning the relationship between company performance and patent applications between 1984 and 1992 in 50 machine tool manufacturers in Germany. European and national patent applications are compared.

Usage, Innovations, Economic aspects, Germany, Industrial research, Business enterprises, Machine tools, Machine-tools, Panel analysis

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