Contingency in innovation and the role of national systems: taxol and taxotere in the USA and France

Article Abstract:

Archival material is studied to compare two anticancer drugs commercialized by multinationals, collaborating with public sector research, one in the USA and the other in France. The framework of national innovation systems is examined to compare and contrast the innovative environments for each development (different institutional structures, research programs, financing, industry-academic-government relationships, environmental concern, and intellectual property regimes). The results of the comparison show some striking differences from stereotyped accounts of innovation in each country would have suggested.

United States, Government domestic functions, France, Pharmaceutical Preparation Manufacturing, Pharmaceutical preparations, Anticancer Drugs, Chemotherapeutic Drugs, Anticancer Immunostimulant Preps, Science and technology policy, Comparative analysis, Antineoplastic agents, Antimitotic agents, Public-private sector cooperation

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The construction of the techno-economic: network vs. paradigms

Article Abstract:

A study investigated the influence of techno-economic networks on successful innovation. It will be shown that by maintaining a concentration on innovation and by shifting theoretical register between techno-economic networks and the concept of techno-economic paradigms, several issues emerge around what are called 'meso-level techno-economic' interventions at the level of the nation, national governments, specific firms or specific market arrangements and patterns of consumption.

Research, Technological innovations, Diffusion of innovations

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Design, innovation and the boundaries of the firm

Article Abstract:

The design function is considered an important part of a firm's manufacturing activities. However, compared to innovation or R&D, design has never attracted much attention from social science researchers, with some books mentioning design only in terms of its visual aspects. Viewing design as an activity or resource would go a long way towards improving people's understanding of the process.

Methods, Production management, Industrial design

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