Migration, return, and agricultural development in the Serra do Alvao, northern Portugal

Article Abstract:

Rural migration and the return to the rural life in Northern Portugal was studied to determine the affects it had on agriculture in the area. Land ownership and social change in the village of Serro do Alvo was not changed much by the migration and return but these variables may have affected the investment in agriculture. The migration from the area caused a labor shortage and farm wage increases. The 'medium-term' returning migrants, those that spent 4 to 14 years away and returned not just to retire, generally over the years away earned money to invest in their rural properties causing some modernization of operations.

Portugal, Migration, Internal, Internal migration, Urban-rural migration, Urban rural migration

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Agricultural growth, landlessness, off-farm employment, and rural poverty in the Philippines

Article Abstract:

Agricultural growth in the Philippines has not sparked the economic growth nor solved rural poverty like the government had planned. The agricultural growth rate, although it started to decelerate in the 1980s, was sustained at about 3.9% per year from the mid-1950s to the late 1980s. The rate of rural poverty has dropped from 80% of the total population in 1961 to 54% in 1988 but because of the rapid growth in rural population, there is an increase in volume of the number of poor rural families. The agricultural sector of the country needs to address problems in 'productivity, landlessness and high underemployment.'

Agriculture, Rural development, Rural poor

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Anatomy of poverty during adjustment: the case of the Philippines

Article Abstract:

Many less developed countries (LDCs) have implemented macroeconomic adjustment programs to hasten their march towards developed country status. However, the adjustment programs implemented by LDCs focus almost exclusively on promoting economic efficiency and fostering stable and sustainable economic growth, instead of addressing poverty and social concerns. This has led to sharp increases in poverty levels in LDCs. The implementation of a macroeconomic adjustment program in the Philippines is discussed.

Research, Economic policy, Poverty, Economic stabilization

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