Research institutions in France: between the republic of science and the nation-state in crisis

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to analyze the history of France's national science and technology system, and test whether the country's policies had a significant influence on knowledge production within the system. Findings showed that France has successfully promoted the generation of scientific knowledge and development of novel industrial sectors. Results also indicated that the country is experiencing difficulties with developing biotechnology and information technology applications.

Science, Research & Development, Analysis, France, Science and technology policy, Science and state, Science policy

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Designing the future: the culture of new trends in science and technology

Article Abstract:

Interested parties usually employ technical arguments, among others, to encourage shared models of the future so as to affect key trends in research and development. Two specific types of argument are peculiar to trend encouragement in science and technology. These are self-fulfilling prophecy and emotional rhetoric. This is shown through a close look at a document by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency regarding a neural computing.

Research & Development, Computer networks, Forecasts and trends, Research institutes, Neural networks, Technological innovations, United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

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