Specialization and size of technological activities in industrial countries: the analysis of patent data

Article Abstract:

The degree of technological specialization of advanced nations is analyzed using patent counts and citations as a gauge. Although data varies from country to country, common factors such as accumulated technological knowledge, increasing international competition and government science and technology policies all indicate levels of specialization. The analysis shows that the level of resources devoted to science and technology is related to a country's degree of specialization.

Analysis, Science and technology policy, Industrialized countries, Patents, Industrial nations

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Innovation and employment in Italian manufacturing industry

Article Abstract:

The impact of technological innovation on the Italian manufacturing industry was examined. Specifically, the effect of process and product innovations on employment was investigated at the firm level. The relationship between employment, technology, structural change and economic growth was also studied at the sectoral level. The results showed that employment is inversely proportional to productivity growth in Italy.

Research, Manufacturing industry, Manufacturing industries, Employment, Industrial productivity, Technological unemployment

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Measuring technological capabilities at the country level: a survey and a menu for choice

Article Abstract:

Several institutions like World Economic Forum, UN Development Program, UN Industrial Development Organization and the RAND Corporation have evolved methods of measuring technological capabilities of a country. A new method for measuring and comparing the technological capabilities of the countries is also presented.

Italy, United States, Methods, International aspects, Measurement, World Economic Forum

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