Subcontracting and the omitted social dimensions of large development projects: household survival at the Carajas Mines in the Brazilian Amazon

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted on the adaptation strategies used by migrants to cope with the problems and opportunities created by the Companhia Vale do Rio Doce's use of low-wage subcontractors for its Carajas mining project. Results revealed that migrants' responses are often informal and illegal, such as dividing families to reduce costs, salary remittance, participating in squatter invasions, finding emotional gratification in prostitution and buying from informal shops. These household patterns were found to have a profound impact on regional development.

Brazil, Subcontracting, Mineral deposits, Mines and mineral resources, Mining

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Household ethnicity, household consumption: commodities and the Guarani

Article Abstract:

There have been numerous studies on commodities and their adverse effects on indigenous peoples. These studies document how commodities force subsistence economies to become reliant on manufactured goods, thus hastening their assimilation into the national economy. However, not all indigenous societies have been destroyed by their reliance on commodities. The Guaranis of eastern Paraguay provide an example of how an indigenous community can adopt commodities and at the same time retain its own ethnic identity.

Economic aspects, Ethnicity, Commodities, Guaranis (South American native people), Guaranis

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Colonist land-allocation decisions, land use, and deforestation in the Ecuadorian Amazon frontier

Article Abstract:

An investigation is being undertaken in the Ecuadorian Amazon regarding land development and colonization of petroleum products because of the country's very rich biologic diversity and equally rich petroleum industry. Survey results among 450 samples showed that several agricultural and economic factors are significantly affected by this broad frontier settlement. Responses implied the need for policy improvement with regards to this form of industrial development.

Analysis, Ecuador, Deforestation, Amazon River region, Land use

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