The evolution of UK self-employment: a study of government policy and the role of the macroeconomy

Article Abstract:

Self-employment increased in the United Kingdom from 1972 to 1992. High unemployment levels do not push up self-employment so much as high levels of long-term unemployment. The long-term unemployed are constrained by lack of finance and skills from becoming self employed. Increased housing wealth makes obtaining credit easier, so helps the creation of self-employment. The Enterprise Allowance Scheme encouraged many people into self-employment by giving unemployed people an income subsidy if they became self-employed.

United Kingdom, Economic policy, Labor market, Self-employed persons, Self employed persons

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Fiscal policy in an imperfectly competitive macroeconomy with nominally rigid unemployment benefit

Article Abstract:

As analysis of the fiscal policy is carried out in a set up with imperfect competition and where monetary expansion increases employment, welfare and output. Wages are raised to overcome government expenditure which results in increase in prices. The outcome of the price rise is decreased spending as there is a shortage of money. The actual form of government spending affects private and public spending. A major assumption in the proposed model is a nominally unchanged unemployment benefit.

Analysis, Expenditures, Public, Public expenditures, Unemployment insurance

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Decentralized fiscal policy in an imperfectly competitive federal economy

Article Abstract:

Decentralized fiscal policies can lead to crowding out and loss of employment, with price mark-ups and possible mark-ups of wages. This can occur where local labor markets are unionized, and local product markets are characterized by monopolistic competition. Local governments in this case seek to balance budgets and may be affected by constitutional constraints on spending. There is a need for central government intervention for promote coordination between regions.

Finance, Local government

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