Differential vocalization in budgerigars: towards an experimental analysis of naming

Article Abstract:

Three experiments performed on budgerigars enable an understanding of the vocal behavior of these birds and the relations concerning this behavior. The first experiment, color naming, involves the training of birds to respond to various types of visual stimuli and reveals a relationship between differential food reinforcement and visual stimuli. The second experiment reveals an automatic transfer of a color-naming or color identity matching-to-sample (MTS) task call to a form-to-color MTS task. The results of the third experiment suggest the probability of association-by-contiguity.

Performance, Analysis, Evaluation, Visual evoked response, Visual evoked potentials

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Time, trace, memory

Article Abstract:

Comparisons between the scalar expectancy theory (SET) of interval timing in animals and Staddon and Higa's multiple-time-scale model (MTS) are described. MTS does not use trace hypothesis for interval timing since it utilizes a dynamic trace tuned by the system history and can accomodate an interval timing over a 1,000:1 range. It also agrees with Weber's Law as well as systematic deviations from it. However, MTS is incapable of the detailed, quantitative predictions which is the biggest advantage of SET.

Animal behavior, Animal memory, Operant behavior, Operant conditioning

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The choose-short effect and trace models of timing

Article Abstract:

The authors respond to critics regarding their multiple-time-scale theory. Topics include clarification of the choose-short effect, whether different stimuli can change effect, and the impact of stimuli context.

United States, Statistical Data Included, Memory, Recollection (Psychology), Time perception in animals, Animal time perception, Recall (Memory)

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