Pakistan's ethnic divide

Article Abstract:

Ethnic nationalism, as witnessed in Karachi, underlies Pakistan's tumultuous existence as an independent state since its inception in 1947. The various ethnicities within Pakistan have an extended history of mutual hostility involving their ethnic homelands. Violent attempts at self-assertion pose serious challenges to Pakistan's claim to statehood. Islamabad needs to redraw its provincial strategy to contain growing incidents of ethnic strife which threaten to undermine Pakistan's political integrity. Considering Pakistan's violent history, the task will be a steep one.

Political activity, Political aspects, Pakistan, Minorities, Separatists

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Causes of communal war: fear and feasibility

Article Abstract:

The author provides a formula for the initiation of communal war, and he matches his theory to the cases of ethnic civil war in Nigeria and Sudan. Perceived threats of violence towards the cultural and physical survival of one ethnic group, and the determination that such a threat is feasible, are met with violence to reduce or avoid the severity of the threat.

Nigeria, Sudan, Causes of, Civil war

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