Playspace invaders: Huizinga, Baudrillard and video game violence

Article Abstract:

There are a number of factors associated with violence in video games which do not apply to violence in television, books, films or comics. With video games, the programming demands that violence is the main problem-solving option. Indeed, the amount of violence is frequently directly connected with the skill of the player. It is possible to combine Johan Huizinga's concept of playspace with Jean Baudrillard's concept of simulacrum in order to analyze this particular form of violence. The gap between reality and simulated situations is bridged, and this has an impact on awareness of consequences of action.

Social aspects, Portrayals, Video games, Violence

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A dangerous game: managing consent in the Cambodian UN peacekeeping operation

Article Abstract:

The UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) in Cambodia from Nov. 1-Sep. 1993 failed because of the Party of Democratic Kampuchea's consent withdrawal. The failure of the PKOs questions the effectiveness of using external pressures in managing consent loss. The PKOs were conducted as a result of the signing of the Paris Peace Agreement in Oct. 1991 and was implemented by the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia based on Chapter VI of the UN Charter. The implications of this failure for consent management and post-Cold War PKOs are discussed.

Management, Negotiation, mediation and arbitration, Political aspects, United Nations, Peacekeeping forces, Cambodia

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Adaptive Costs: a new institutional paradigm of rules for the competitive game

Article Abstract:

The fundamental rules of competition in advanced industrialized countries have changed as a result of the impact of knowledge. A variety of ways are introduced in which firms can innovate as products have become more complex and are evaluated on multiple criteria.

Market Targeting & Approach, Evaluation, Competition (Economics), Market strategy

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