The ripple effect

Article Abstract:

The UK's International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969 (CLC) and the Convention on the Establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage of 1971 (IPOC) provide the basis for claims resulting from the 1993 Braer Sea Empress oil spill. Under CLC, ship owners are only exempted from liability if the damage resulted from war or grave natural disasters, from sabotage or from government's failure to provide adequate navigational aids. The provisions of the IFOC will only take effect if the ship owner is unable to provide compensation or if it is exempted from liability under CLC.

Water Transportation Programs, United Kingdom, Liability for oil pollution damages

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Improving safety

Article Abstract:

The International Assn. of Classification Societies (IACS) will impose stricter regulations for improving bulk carrier safety. Forty-four percent of losses in gross tonnage for 1995 was due to bulk carrier losses. The Enhancement Survey Programme of the IACS will limit the cargo loads of ships that are more than 10 years old to prevent accidents. The IACS will also introduce a more comprehensive inspection of cargo ships to enforce its new bulk carrier safety requirements.

Cargo Ships NEC, Water Transport Safety Regulatn, Safety and security measures, Safety regulations, Cargo ships, International Association of Classification Societies, Bulk cargo ships, Merchant marine

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US Congress debates foreign-flag vessels

Article Abstract:

The US Congress has enacted several laws that would allow foreign shipping companies to participate in US shipping. One law is the 1996 amendment to existing US shipping law that allow the Coast Guard to delegate its authority with respect to classification only to the American Bureau of Shipping. A foreign classification society could be delegated this authority if the country, where that society is based, grants reciprocal privileges to the American Bureau of Shipping.

Transportation Programs, Powers and duties, United States. Congress, Transportation policy

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